“Metaphilosophy” of Mulla Sadra and “The Throne Verse”: Interpreting an int...
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Mulla Sadra (Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi) (1572-1640) is, arguably, the most prominent philosopher produced by the Islamic World during the last four hundred years. On the basis of his metaphysics (the so-called “metaphilosophy”), he brought together varying Islamic schools of thought and spirituality on the one hand, and Peripatetic philosophy on the other, creating a coherent system and thereby proffering innovative solutions to centuries-old philosophical and theological problems. Moreover, by virtue of his unprecedented attention to the notion of “being”, he was able to anticipate the main elements of such noticeable existentialist philosophies of modernity as that of the German thinker Martin Heidegger (1889-1976). Precious little of his vast enterprise is yet available to Western readers due to the relatively recent edition of his corpus and the even more limited translations available. His voluminous philosophical exegeses of the Quranic text stand out as an example. Therein, he successfully implements the principles of his “metaphilosophy” in order to clarify the message of the Qur’an as regards such issues as its hidden and manifest meanings, its allusive and literal interpretations by Mulla Sadra’s predecessors, and its linguistic and theological purports. Fully reflected in his exegesis is his unique method of incorporating varying approaches and opinions into a brand-new critical school of thought able to furnish innovative solutions to the most intractable philosophical and theological problems without falling into eclecticism or emulation of any sort. One of the earliest, yet most prominent, exegetical works of Mulla Sadra is his Tafsīr Āyat al-Kursī, a 300-page tome devoted to one of the most famous, meaningful and recited verses of the Qur’an – “the Verse of the Throne” (2:255). These workshops will discuss the way the main concepts of Mulla Sadra’s philosophy apply to his exegesis in general and his glosses on the Throne Verse in particular, as well as spotting the main challenges facing the translation of the glosses into English.